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Text File | 1995-07-25 | 73KB | 1,189 lines

BBBBAAAASSSSHHHH____BBBBUUUUIIIILLLLTTTTIIIINNNNSSSS((((1111)))) GGGGNNNNUUUU ((((1111999999993333 SSSSeeeepppptttteeeemmmmbbbbeeeerrrr 11116666)))) BBBBAAAASSSSHHHH____BBBBUUUUIIIILLLLTTTTIIIINNNNSSSS((((1111)))) NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE bash, :, ., alias, bg, bind, break, builtin, bye, case, cd, command, continue, declare, dirs, echo, enable, eval, exec, exit, export, fc, fg, for, getopts, hash, help, history, if, jobs, kill, let, local, logout, popd, pushd, pwd, read, readonly, return, set, shift, source, suspend, test, times, trap, type, typeset, ulimit, umask, unalias, unset, until, wait, while - bash built-in commands, see bbbbaaaasssshhhh(1) BBBBAAAASSSSHHHH BBBBUUUUIIIILLLLTTTTIIIINNNN CCCCOOOOMMMMMMMMAAAANNNNDDDDSSSS :::: [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s and performing any specified redirections. A zero exit code is returned. .... _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] ssssoooouuuurrrrcccceeee _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] Read and execute commands from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e in the current shell environment and return the exit status of the last command executed from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e does not contain a slash, pathnames in PPPPAAAATTTTHHHH are used to find the directory containing _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e. The file searched for in PPPPAAAATTTTHHHH need not be executable. The current directory is searched if no file is found in PPPPAAAATTTTHHHH. If any _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s are supplied, they become the positional parameters when _f_i_l_e is executed. Otherwise the positional parameters are unchanged. The return status is the status of the last command exited within the script (0 if no commands are executed), and false if _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is not found. aaaalllliiiiaaaassss [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] AAAAlllliiiiaaaassss with no arguments prints the list of aliases in the form _n_a_m_e=_v_a_l_u_e on standard output. When arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each _n_a_m_e whose _v_a_l_u_e is given. A trailing space in _v_a_l_u_e causes the next word to be checked for alias substitution when the alias is expanded. For each _n_a_m_e in the argument list for which no _v_a_l_u_e is supplied, the name and value of the alias is printed. AAAAlllliiiiaaaassss returns true unless a _n_a_m_e is given for which no alias has been defined. bbbbgggg [_j_o_b_s_p_e_c] Place _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the background, as if it had been started with &&&&. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, the shell's notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. bbbbgggg _j_o_b_s_p_e_c returns 0 unless run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control enabled, if _j_o_b_s_p_e_c was not found or started without job control. bbbbiiiinnnndddd [----mmmm _k_e_y_m_a_p] [----llllvvvvdddd] [----qqqq _n_a_m_e] bbbbiiiinnnndddd [----mmmm _k_e_y_m_a_p] ----ffff _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e Page 1 (printed 7/7/95) BBBBAAAASSSSHHHH____BBBBUUUUIIIILLLLTTTTIIIINNNNSSSS((((1111)))) GGGGNNNNUUUU ((((1111999999993333 SSSSeeeepppptttteeeemmmmbbbbeeeerrrr 11116666)))) BBBBAAAASSSSHHHH____BBBBUUUUIIIILLLLTTTTIIIINNNNSSSS((((1111)))) bbbbiiiinnnndddd [----mmmm _k_e_y_m_a_p] _k_e_y_s_e_q:_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n-_n_a_m_e Display current rrrreeeeaaaaddddlllliiiinnnneeee key and function bindings, or bind a key sequence to a rrrreeeeaaaaddddlllliiiinnnneeee function or macro. The binding syntax accepted is identical to that of ._i_n_p_u_t_r_c, but each binding must be passed as a separate argument; e.g., '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: ----mmmm _k_e_y_m_a_p Use _k_e_y_m_a_p as the keymap to be affected by the subsequent bindings. Acceptable _k_e_y_m_a_p names are _e_m_a_c_s, _e_m_a_c_s-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d, _e_m_a_c_s-_m_e_t_a, _e_m_a_c_s-_c_t_l_x, _v_i, _v_i-_m_o_v_e, _v_i-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d, and _v_i-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d; _e_m_a_c_s is equivalent to _e_m_a_c_s-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d. ----llll List the names of all rrrreeeeaaaaddddlllliiiinnnneeee functions ----vvvv List current function names and bindings ----dddd Dump function names and bindings in such a way that they can be re-read ----ffff _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e Read key bindings from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e ----qqqq _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n Query about which keys invoke the named _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or an error occurred. bbbbrrrreeeeaaaakkkk [_n] Exit from within a ffffoooorrrr, wwwwhhhhiiiilllleeee, or uuuunnnnttttiiiillll loop. If _n is specified, break _n levels. _n must be >_ 1. If _n is greater than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are exited. The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a loop when bbbbrrrreeeeaaaakkkk is executed. bbbbuuuuiiiillllttttiiiinnnn _s_h_e_l_l-_b_u_i_l_t_i_n [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s, and return its exit status. This is useful when you wish to define a function whose name is the same as a shell builtin, but need the functionality of the builtin within the function itself. The ccccdddd builtin is commonly redefined this way. The return status is false if _s_h_e_l_l-_b_u_i_l_t_i_n is not a shell builtin command. ccccdddd [_d_i_r] Change the current directory to _d_i_r. The variable HHHHOOOOMMMMEEEE is the default _d_i_r. The variable CCCCDDDDPPPPAAAATTTTHHHH defines the search path for the directory containing _d_i_r. Alternative directory names are separated by a colon (:). A null directory name in CCCCDDDDPPPPAAAATTTTHHHH is the same as the current directory, i.e., ``....''. If _d_i_r begins with a slash (/), then CCCCDDDDPPPPAAAATTTTHHHH is not used. An argument of ---- is equivalent to $$$$OOOOLLLLDDDDPPPPWWWWDDDD. The return value is true if Page 2 (printed 7/7/95) BBBBAAAASSSSHHHH____BBBBUUUUIIIILLLLTTTTIIIINNNNSSSS((((1111)))) GGGGNNNNUUUU ((((1111999999993333 SSSSeeeepppptttteeeemmmmbbbbeeeerrrr 11116666)))) BBBBAAAASSSSHHHH____BBBBUUUUIIIILLLLTTTTIIIINNNNSSSS((((1111)))) the directory was successfully changed; false otherwise. ccccoooommmmmmmmaaaannnndddd [----ppppVVVVvvvv] _c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_a_r_g ...] Run _c_o_m_m_a_n_d with _a_r_g_s suppressing the normal shell function lookup. Only builtin commands or commands found in the PPPPAAAATTTTHHHH are executed. If the ----pppp option is given, the search for _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is performed using a default value for PPPPAAAATTTTHHHH that is guaranteed to find all of the standard utilities. If either the ----VVVV or ----vvvv option is supplied, a description of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is printed. The ----vvvv option causes a single word indicating the command or pathname used to invoke _c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be printed; the ----VVVV option produces a more verbose description. An argument of -------- disables option checking for the rest of the arguments. If the ----VVVV or ----vvvv option is supplied, the exit status is 0 if _c_o_m_m_a_n_d was found, and 1 if not. If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or _c_o_m_m_a_n_d cannot be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit status of the ccccoooommmmmmmmaaaannnndddd builtin is the exit status of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. ccccoooonnnnttttiiiinnnnuuuueeee [_n] Resume the next iteration of the enclosing ffffoooorrrr, wwwwhhhhiiiilllleeee, or uuuunnnnttttiiiillll loop. If _n is specified, resume at the _nth enclosing loop. _n must be >_ 1. If _n is greater than the number of enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the `top-level' loop) is resumed. The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a loop when ccccoooonnnnttttiiiinnnnuuuueeee is executed. ddddeeeeccccllllaaaarrrreeee [----ffffrrrrxxxxiiii] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e]] ttttyyyyppppeeeesssseeeetttt [----ffffrrrrxxxxiiii] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e]] Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _n_a_m_es are given, then display the values of variables instead. The options can be used to restrict output to variables with the specified attribute. ----ffff Use function names only ----rrrr Make _n_a_m_es readonly. These names cannot then be assigned values by subsequent assignment statements. ----xxxx Mark _n_a_m_es for export to subsequent commands via the environment. ----iiii The variable is treated as an integer; arithmetic evaluation (see AAAARRRRIIIITTTTHHHHMMMMEEEETTTTIIIICCCC EEEEVVVVAAAALLLLUUUUAAAATTTTIIIIOOOONNNN )))) is performed when the variable is assigned a value. Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead. When used in a function, makes _n_a_m_es local, as with the llllooooccccaaaallll command. The return value is 0 unless an illegal option is encountered, an attempt is made to define a function using "-f foo=bar", one of Page 3 (printed 7/7/95) BBBBAAAASSSSHHHH____BBBBUUUUIIIILLLLTTTTIIIINNNNSSSS((((1111)))) GGGGNNNNUUUU ((((1111999999993333 SSSSeeeepppptttteeeemmmmbbbbeeeerrrr 11116666)))) BBBBAAAASSSSHHHH____BBBBUUUUIIIILLLLTTTTIIIINNNNSSSS((((1111)))) the _n_a_m_e_s is not a legal shell variable name, an attempt is made to turn off readonly status for a readonly variable, or an attempt is made to display a non-existant function with -f. ddddiiiirrrrssss [[[[----llll]]]] [[[[++++////----nnnn]]]] Display the list of currently remembered directories. Directories are added to the list with the ppppuuuusssshhhhdddd command; the ppppooooppppdddd command moves back up through the list. ++++nnnn displays the _nth entry counting from the left of the list shown by ddddiiiirrrrssss when invoked without options, starting with zero. ----nnnn displays the _nth entry counting from the right of the list shown by ddddiiiirrrrssss when invoked without options, starting with zero. ----llll produces a longer listing; the default listing format uses a tilde to denote the home directory. The return value is 0 unless an illegal option is supplied or _n indexes beyond the end of the directory stack. eeeecccchhhhoooo [----nnnneeeeEEEE] [_a_r_g ...] Output the _a_r_gs, separated by spaces. The return status is always 0. If ----nnnn is specified, the trailing newline is suppressed. If the ----eeee option is given, interpretation of the following backslash-escaped characters is enabled. The ----EEEE option disables the interpretation of these escape characters, even on systems where they are interpreted by default. \\\\aaaa alert (bell) \\\\bbbb backspace \\\\cccc suppress trailing newline \\\\ffff form feed \\\\nnnn new line \\\\rrrr carriage return \\\\tttt horizontal tab \\\\vvvv vertical tab \\\\\\\\ backslash \\\\nnnnnnnnnnnn the character whose ASCII code is _n_n_n (octal) eeeennnnaaaabbbblllleeee [----nnnn] [----aaaallllllll] [_n_a_m_e ...] Enable and disable builtin shell commands. This allows the execution of a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin without specifying a full pathname. If ----nnnn is used, each _n_a_m_e is disabled; otherwise, _n_a_m_e_s are enabled. For example, to use the tttteeeesssstttt binary found via the PPPPAAAATTTTHHHH instead of the shell builtin version, type ``enable -n test''. If no arguments are given, a list of all enabled shell builtins is printed. If only ----nnnn is supplied, a list of all disabled builtins is Page 4 (printed 7/7/95) BBBBAAAASSSSHHHH____BBBBUUUUIIIILLLLTTTTIIIINNNNSSSS((((1111)))) GGGGNNNNUUUU ((((1111999999993333 SSSSeeeepppptttteeeemmmmbbbbeeeerrrr 11116666)))) BBBBAAAASSSSHHHH____BBBBUUUUIIIILLLLTTTTIIIINNNNSSSS((((1111)))) printed. If only ----aaaallllllll is supplied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an indication of whether or not each is enabled. eeeennnnaaaabbbblllleeee accepts ----aaaa as a synonym for ----aaaallllllll. The return value is 0 unless a _n_a_m_e is not a shell builtin. eeeevvvvaaaallll [_a_r_g ...] The _a_r_gs are read and concatenated together into a single command. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and its exit status is returned as the value of the eeeevvvvaaaallll command. If there are no _a_r_g_s, or only null arguments, eeeevvvvaaaallll returns true. eeeexxxxeeeecccc [[----] _c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s]] If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process is created. The _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s become the arguments to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. If the first argument is ----, the shell places a dash in the zeroth arg passed to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. This is what login does. If the file cannot be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits, unless the shell variable nnnnoooo____eeeexxxxiiiitttt____oooonnnn____ffffaaaaiiiilllleeeedddd____eeeexxxxeeeecccc exists, in which case it returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the file cannot be executed. If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is not specified, any redirections take effect in the current shell, and the return status is 0. eeeexxxxiiiitttt [_n] Cause the shell to exit with a status of _n. If _n is omitted, the exit status is that of the last command executed. A trap on EEEEXXXXIIIITTTT is executed before the shell terminates. eeeexxxxppppoooorrrrtttt [----nnnnffff] [_n_a_m_e[=_w_o_r_d]] ... eeeexxxxppppoooorrrrtttt ----pppp The supplied _n_a_m_e_s are marked for automatic export to the environment of subsequently executed commands. If the ----ffff option is given, the _n_a_m_e_s refer to functions. If no _n_a_m_e_s are given, or if the ----pppp option is supplied, a list of all names that are exported in this shell is printed. The ----nnnn option causes the export property to be removed from the named variables. An argument of -------- disables option checking for the rest of the arguments. eeeexxxxppppoooorrrrtttt returns an exit status of 0 unless an illegal option is encountered, one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a legal shell variable name, or ----ffff is supplied with a _n_a_m_e that is not a function. ffffcccc [----eeee _e_n_a_m_e] [----nnnnllllrrrr] [_f_i_r_s_t] [_l_a_s_t] ffffcccc ----ssss [_p_a_t=_r_e_p] [_c_m_d] Fix Command. In the first form, a range of commands from _f_i_r_s_t to _l_a_s_t is selected from the history list. Page 5 (printed 7/7/95) BBBBAAAASSSSHHHH____BBBBUUUUIIIILLLLTTTTIIIINNNNSSSS((((1111)))) GGGGNNNNUUUU ((((1111999999993333 SSSSeeeepppptttteeeemmmmbbbbeeeerrrr 11116666)))) BBBBAAAASSSSHHHH____BBBBUUUUIIIILLLLTTTTIIIINNNNSSSS((((1111)))) _F_i_r_s_t and _l_a_s_t may be specified as a string (to locate the last command beginning with that string) or as a number (an index into the history list, where a negative number is used as an offset from the current command number). If _l_a_s_t is not specified it is set to the current command for listing (so that ffffcccc ----llll ----11110000 prints the last 10 commands) and to _f_i_r_s_t otherwise. If _f_i_r_s_t is not specified it is set to the previous command for editing and -16 for listing. The ----nnnn flag suppresses the command numbers when listing. The ----rrrr flag reverses the order of the commands. If the ----llll flag is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Otherwise, the editor given by _e_n_a_m_e is invoked on a file containing those commands. If _e_n_a_m_e is not given, the value of the FFFFCCCCEEEEDDDDIIIITTTT variable is used, and the value of EEEEDDDDIIIITTTTOOOORRRR if FFFFCCCCEEEEDDDDIIIITTTT is not set. If neither variable is set, is used. When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and executed. In the second form, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is re-executed after each instance of _p_a_t is replaced by _r_e_p. A useful alias to use with this is ``r=fc -s'', so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command beginning with ``cc'' and typing ``r'' re-executes the last command. If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an illegal option is encountered or _f_i_r_s_t or _l_a_s_t specify history lines out of range. If the ----eeee option is supplied, the return value is the value of the last command executed or failure if an error occurs with the temporary file of commands. If the second form is used, the return status is that of the command re- executed, unless _c_m_d does not specify a valid history line, in which case ffffcccc returns failure. ffffgggg [_j_o_b_s_p_e_c] Place _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the foreground, and make it the current job. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, the shell's notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. The return value is that of the command placed into the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control enabled, if _j_o_b_s_p_e_c does not specify a valid job or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c specifies a job that was started without job control. ggggeeeettttooooppppttttssss _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g _n_a_m_e [_a_r_g_s] ggggeeeettttooooppppttttssss is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters. _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g contains the option letters to be recognized; if a letter is followed by a colon, the option is expected to have an argument, which should be Page 6 (printed 7/7/95) BBBBAAAASSSSHHHH____BBBBUUUUIIIILLLLTTTTIIIINNNNSSSS((((1111)))) GGGGNNNNUUUU ((((1111999999993333 SSSSeeeepppptttteeeemmmmbbbbeeeerrrr 11116666)))) BBBBAAAASSSSHHHH____BBBBUUUUIIIILLLLTTTTIIIINNNNSSSS((((1111)))) separated from it by white space. Each time it is invoked, ggggeeeettttooooppppttttssss places the next option in the shell variable _n_a_m_e, initializing _n_a_m_e if it does not exist, and the index of the next argument to be processed into the variable OOOOPPPPTTTTIIIINNNNDDDD. OOOOPPPPTTTTIIIINNNNDDDD is initialized to 1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an option requires an argument, ggggeeeettttooooppppttttssss places that argument into the variable OOOOPPPPTTTTAAAARRRRGGGG. The shell does not reset OOOOPPPPTTTTIIIINNNNDDDD automatically; it must be manually reset between multiple calls to ggggeeeettttooooppppttttssss within the same shell invocation if a new set of parameters is to be used. ggggeeeettttooooppppttttssss can report errors in two ways. If the first character of _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g is a colon, _s_i_l_e_n_t error reporting is used. In normal operation diagnostic messages are printed when illegal options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the variable OOOOPPPPTTTTEEEERRRRRRRR is set to 0, no error message will be displayed, even if the first character of _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g is not a colon. If an illegal option is seen, ggggeeeettttooooppppttttssss places ? into _n_a_m_e and, if not silent, prints an error message and unsets OOOOPPPPTTTTAAAARRRRGGGG. If ggggeeeettttooooppppttttssss is silent, the option character found is placed in OOOOPPPPTTTTAAAARRRRGGGG and no diagnostic message is printed. If a required argument is not found, and ggggeeeettttooooppppttttssss is not silent, a question mark (????) is placed in _n_a_m_e, OOOOPPPPTTTTAAAARRRRGGGG is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed. If ggggeeeettttooooppppttttssss is silent, then a colon (::::) is placed in _n_a_m_e and OOOOPPPPTTTTAAAARRRRGGGG is set to the option character found. ggggeeeettttooooppppttttssss normally parses the positional parameters, but if more arguments are given in _a_r_g_s, ggggeeeettttooooppppttttssss parses those instead. ggggeeeettttooooppppttttssss returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is found. It returns false if the end of options is encountered or an error occurs. hhhhaaaasssshhhh [----rrrr] [_n_a_m_e] For each _n_a_m_e, the full pathname of the command is determined and remembered. The ----rrrr option causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. If no arguments are given, information about remembered commands is printed. An argument of -------- disables option checking for the rest of the arguments. The return status is true unless a _n_a_m_e is not found or an illegal option is supplied. hhhheeeellllpppp [_p_a_t_t_e_r_n] Display helpful information about builtin commands. If Page 7 (printed 7/7/95) BBBBAAAASSSSHHHH____BBBBUUUUIIIILLLLTTTTIIIINNNNSSSS((((1111)))) GGGGNNNNUUUU ((((1111999999993333 SSSSeeeepppptttteeeemmmmbbbbeeeerrrr 11116666)))) BBBBAAAASSSSHHHH____BBBBUUUUIIIILLLLTTTTIIIINNNNSSSS((((1111)))) _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is specified, hhhheeeellllpppp gives detailed help on all commands matching _p_a_t_t_e_r_n; otherwise a list of the builtins is printed. The return status is 0 unless no command matches _p_a_t_t_e_r_n. hhhhiiiissssttttoooorrrryyyy [_n] hhhhiiiissssttttoooorrrryyyy ----rrrrwwwwaaaannnn [_f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e] With no options, display the command history list with line numbers. Lines listed with a **** have been modified. An argument of _n lists only the last _n lines. If a non-option argument is supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not, the value of HHHHIIIISSSSTTTTFFFFIIIILLLLEEEE is used. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: ----aaaa Append the ``new'' history lines (history lines entered since the beginning of the current bbbbaaaasssshhhh session) to the history file ----nnnn Read the history lines not already read from the history file into the current history list. These are lines appended to the history file since the beginning of the current bbbbaaaasssshhhh session. ----rrrr Read the contents of the history file and use them as the current history ----wwww Write the current history to the history file, overwriting the history file's contents. The return value is 0 unless an illegal option is encountered or an error occurs while reading or writing the history file. jjjjoooobbbbssss [----llllnnnnpppp] [ _j_o_b_s_p_e_c ... ] jjjjoooobbbbssss ----xxxx _c_o_m_m_a_n_d [ _a_r_g_s ... ] The first form lists the active jobs. The ----llll option lists process IDs in addition to the normal information; the ----pppp option lists only the process ID of the job's process group leader. The ----nnnn option displays only jobs that have changed status since last notified. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is given, output is restricted to information about that job. The return status is 0 unless an illegal option is encountered or an illegal _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is supplied. If the ----xxxx option is supplied, jjjjoooobbbbssss replaces any _j_o_b_s_p_e_c found in _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or _a_r_g_s with the corresponding process group ID, and executes _c_o_m_m_a_n_d passing it _a_r_g_s, returning its exit status. kkkkiiiillllllll [----ssss ssssiiiiggggssssppppeeeecccc | ----ssssiiiiggggssssppppeeeecccc] [_p_i_d | _j_o_b_s_p_e_c] ... kkkkiiiillllllll ----llll [_s_i_g_n_u_m] Send the signal named by _s_i_g_s_p_e_c to the processes named by _p_i_d or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c. _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a signal name such as SSSSIIIIGGGGKKKKIIIILLLLLLLL or a signal number. If _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is a Page 8 (printed 7/7/95) BBBBAAAASSSSHHHH____BBBBUUUUIIIILLLLTTTTIIIINNNNSSSS((((1111)))) GGGGNNNNUUUU ((((1111999999993333 SSSSeeeepppptttteeeemmmmbbbbeeeerrrr 11116666)))) BBBBAAAASSSSHHHH____BBBBUUUUIIIILLLLTTTTIIIINNNNSSSS((((1111)))) signal name, the name is case insensitive and may be given with or without the SSSSIIIIGGGG prefix. If _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is not present, then SSSSIIIIGGGGTTTTEEEERRRRMMMM is assumed. An argument of ----llll lists the signal names. If any arguments are supplied when ----llll is given, the names of the specified signals are listed, and the return status is 0. An argument of -------- disables option checking for the rest of the arguments. kkkkiiiillllllll returns true if at least one signal was successfully sent, or false if an error occurs or an illegal option is encountered. lllleeeetttt _a_r_g [_a_r_g ...] Each _a_r_g is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated (see AAAARRRRIIIITTTTHHHHMMMMEEEETTTTIIIICCCC EEEEVVVVAAAALLLLUUUUAAAATTTTIIIIOOOONNNN). If the last _a_r_g evaluates to 0, lllleeeetttt returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise. llllooooccccaaaallll [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] For each argument, create a local variable named _n_a_m_e, and assign it _v_a_l_u_e. When llllooooccccaaaallll is used within a function, it causes the variable _n_a_m_e to have a visible scope restricted to that function and its children. With no operands, llllooooccccaaaallll writes a list of local variables to the standard output. It is an error to use llllooooccccaaaallll when not within a function. The return status is 0 unless llllooooccccaaaallll is used outside a function, or an illegal _n_a_m_e is supplied. llllooooggggoooouuuutttt Exit a login shell. ppppooooppppdddd [++++////----nnnn] Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments, removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a ccccdddd to the new top directory. ++++nnnn removes the _nth entry counting from the left of the list shown by ddddiiiirrrrssss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd +0'' removes the first directory, ``popd +1'' the second. ----nnnn removes the _nth entry counting from the right of the list shown by ddddiiiirrrrssss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to last. If the ppppooooppppdddd command is successful, a ddddiiiirrrrssss is performed as well, and the return status is 0. ppppooooppppdddd returns false if an illegal option is encountered, the directory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack entry is specified, or the directory change fails. ppppuuuusssshhhhdddd [_d_i_r] ppppuuuusssshhhhdddd ++++////----nnnn Page 9 (printed 7/7/95) BBBBAAAASSSSHHHH____BBBBUUUUIIIILLLLTTTTIIIINNNNSSSS((((1111)))) GGGGNNNNUUUU ((((1111999999993333 SSSSeeeepppptttteeeemmmmbbbbeeeerrrr 11116666)))) BBBBAAAASSSSHHHH____BBBBUUUUIIIILLLLTTTTIIIINNNNSSSS((((1111)))) Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working directory. With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty. ++++nnnn Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting from the left of the list shown by ddddiiiirrrrssss) is at the top. ----nnnn Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting from the right) is at the top. ddddiiiirrrr adds _d_i_r to the directory stack at the top, making it the new current working directory. If the ppppuuuusssshhhhdddd command is successful, a ddddiiiirrrrssss is performed as well. If the first form is used, ppppuuuusssshhhhdddd returns 0 unless the cd to _d_i_r fails. With the second form, ppppuuuusssshhhhdddd returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty, a non-existant directory stack element is specified, or the directory change to the specified new current directory fails. ppppwwwwdddd Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory. The path printed contains no symbolic links if the ----PPPP option to the sssseeeetttt builtin command is set. See also the description of nnnnoooolllliiiinnnnkkkkssss under SSSShhhheeeellllllll VVVVaaaarrrriiiiaaaabbbblllleeeessss above). The return status is 0 unless an error occurs while reading the pathname of the current directory. rrrreeeeaaaadddd [----rrrr] [_n_a_m_e ...] One line is read from the standard input, and the first word is assigned to the first _n_a_m_e, the second word to the second _n_a_m_e, and so on, with leftover words assigned to the last _n_a_m_e. Only the characters in IIIIFFFFSSSS are recognized as word delimiters. If no _n_a_m_e_s are supplied, the line read is assigned to the variable RRRREEEEPPPPLLLLYYYY. The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is encountered. If the ----rrrr option is given, a backslash- newline pair is not ignored, and the backslash is considered to be part of the line. rrrreeeeaaaaddddoooonnnnllllyyyy [----ffff] [_n_a_m_e ...] rrrreeeeaaaaddddoooonnnnllllyyyy ----pppp The given _n_a_m_e_s are marked readonly and the values of these _n_a_m_e_s may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the ----ffff option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _n_a_m_e_s are so marked. If no arguments are given, or if the ----pppp option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed. An argument of -------- disables option checking for the rest of the arguments. The return status is 0 unless an illegal option is encountered, one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not Page 10 (printed 7/7/95) BBBBAAAASSSSHHHH____BBBBUUUUIIIILLLLTTTTIIIINNNNSSSS((((1111)))) GGGGNNNNUUUU ((((1111999999993333 SSSSeeeepppptttteeeemmmmbbbbeeeerrrr 11116666)))) BBBBAAAASSSSHHHH____BBBBUUUUIIIILLLLTTTTIIIINNNNSSSS((((1111)))) a legal shell variable name, or ----ffff is supplied with a _n_a_m_e that is not a function. rrrreeeettttuuuurrrrnnnn [_n] Causes a function to exit with the return value specified by _n. If _n is omitted, the return status is that of the last command executed in the function body. If used outside a function, but during execution of a script by the .... (ssssoooouuuurrrrcccceeee) command, it causes the shell to stop executing that script and return either _n or the exit status of the last command executed within the script as the exit status of the script. If used outside a function and not during execution of a script by ...., the return status is false. sssseeeetttt [--------aaaabbbbeeeeffffhhhhkkkkmmmmnnnnppppttttuuuuvvvvxxxxllllddddCCCCHHHHPPPP] [----oooo _o_p_t_i_o_n] [_a_r_g ...] ----aaaa Automatically mark variables which are modified or created for export to the environment of subsequent commands. ----bbbb Cause the status of terminated background jobs to be reported immediately, rather than before the next primary prompt. (Also see nnnnoooottttiiiiffffyyyy under SSSShhhheeeellllllll VVVVaaaarrrriiiiaaaabbbblllleeeessss above). ----eeee Exit immediately if a _s_i_m_p_l_e-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d (see SSSSHHHHEEEELLLLLLLL GGGGRRRRAAAAMMMMMMMMAAAARRRR above) exits with a non-zero status. The shell does not exit if the command that fails is part of an _u_n_t_i_l or _w_h_i_l_e loop, part of an _i_f statement, part of a &&&&&&&& or |||||||| list, or if the command's return value is being inverted via !!!!. ----ffff Disable pathname expansion. ----hhhh Locate and remember function commands as functions are defined. Function commands are normally looked up when the function is executed. ----kkkk All keyword arguments are placed in the environment for a command, not just those that precede the command name. ----mmmm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This flag is on by default for interactive shells on systems that support it (see JJJJOOOOBBBB CCCCOOOONNNNTTTTRRRROOOOLLLL above). Background processes run in a separate process group and a line containing their exit status is printed upon their completion. ----nnnn Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is ignored for interactive shells. ----oooo _o_p_t_i_o_n-_n_a_m_e The _o_p_t_i_o_n-_n_a_m_e can be one of the following: aaaalllllllleeeexxxxppppoooorrrrtttt Same as ----aaaa. Page 11 (printed 7/7/95) BBBBAAAASSSSHHHH____BBBBUUUUIIIILLLLTTTTIIIINNNNSSSS((((1111)))) GGGGNNNNUUUU ((((1111999999993333 SSSSeeeepppptttteeeemmmmbbbbeeeerrrr 11116666)))) BBBBAAAASSSSHHHH____BBBBUUUUIIIILLLLTTTTIIIINNNNSSSS((((1111)))) bbbbrrrraaaacccceeeeeeeexxxxppppaaaannnndddd The shell performs brace expansion (see BBBBrrrraaaacccceeee EEEExxxxppppaaaannnnssssiiiioooonnnn above). This is on by default. eeeemmmmaaaaccccssss Use an emacs-style command line editing interface. This is enabled by default when the shell is interactive, unless the shell is started with the ----nnnnoooolllliiiinnnneeeeeeeeddddiiiittttiiiinnnngggg option. eeeerrrrrrrreeeexxxxiiiitttt Same as ----eeee. hhhhiiiisssstttteeeexxxxppppaaaannnndddd Same as ----HHHH. iiiiggggnnnnoooorrrreeeeeeeeooooffff The effect is as if the shell command `IGNOREEOF=10' had been executed (see SSSShhhheeeellllllll VVVVaaaarrrriiiiaaaabbbblllleeeessss above). iiiinnnntttteeeerrrraaaaccccttttiiiivvvveeee----ccccoooommmmmmmmeeeennnnttttssss Allow a word beginning with #### to cause that word and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored in an interactive shell (see CCCCOOOOMMMMMMMMEEEENNNNTTTTSSSS above). mmmmoooonnnniiiittttoooorrrr Same as ----mmmm. nnnnoooocccclllloooobbbbbbbbeeeerrrr Same as ----CCCC. nnnnooooeeeexxxxeeeecccc Same as ----nnnn. nnnnoooogggglllloooobbbb Same as ----ffff. nnnnoooohhhhaaaasssshhhh Same as ----dddd. nnnnoooottttiiiiffffyyyy Same as ----bbbb. nnnnoooouuuunnnnsssseeeetttt Same as ----uuuu. pppphhhhyyyyssssiiiiccccaaaallll Same as ----PPPP. ppppoooossssiiiixxxx Change the behavior of bash where the default operation differs from the Posix 1003.2 standard to match the standard. pppprrrriiiivvvviiiilllleeeeggggeeeedddd Same as ----pppp. vvvveeeerrrrbbbboooosssseeee Same as ----vvvv. vvvviiii Use a vi-style command line editing interface. xxxxttttrrrraaaacccceeee Same as ----xxxx. If no _o_p_t_i_o_n-_n_a_m_e is supplied, the values of the current options are printed. ----pppp Turn on _p_r_i_v_i_l_e_g_e_d mode. In this mode, the $$$$EEEENNNNVVVV file is not processed, and shell functions are not inherited from the environment. This is enabled automatically on startup if the effective user (group) id is not equal to the real user (group) id. Turning this option off causes the effective user and group ids to be set to the real user and group ids. ----tttt Exit after reading and executing one command. Page 12 (printed 7/7/95) BBBBAAAASSSSHHHH____BBBBUUUUIIIILLLLTTTTIIIINNNNSSSS((((1111)))) GGGGNNNNUUUU ((((1111999999993333 SSSSeeeepppptttteeeemmmmbbbbeeeerrrr 11116666)))) BBBBAAAASSSSHHHH____BBBBUUUUIIIILLLLTTTTIIIINNNNSSSS((((1111)))) ----uuuu Treat unset variables as an error when performing parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an unset variable, the shell prints an error message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero status. ----vvvv Print shell input lines as they are read. ----xxxx After expanding each _s_i_m_p_l_e-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d, bbbbaaaasssshhhh displays the expanded value of PPPPSSSS4444, followed by the command and its expanded arguments. ----llll Save and restore the binding of _n_a_m_e in a ffffoooorrrr _n_a_m_e [in wwwwoooorrrrdddd] command (see SSSSHHHHEEEELLLLLLLL GGGGRRRRAAAAMMMMMMMMAAAARRRR above). ----dddd Disable the hashing of commands that are looked up for execution. Normally, commands are remembered in a hash table, and once found, do not have to be looked up again. ----CCCC The effect is as if the shell command `noclobber=' had been executed (see SSSShhhheeeellllllll VVVVaaaarrrriiiiaaaabbbblllleeeessss above). ----HHHH Enable !!!! style history substitution. This flag is on by default when the shell is interactive. ----PPPP If set, do not follow symbolic links when performing commands such as ccccdddd which change the current directory. The physical directory is used instead. -------- If no arguments follow this flag, then the positional parameters are unset. Otherwise, the positional parameters are set to the _a_r_gs, even if some of them begin with a ----. ---- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _a_r_gs to be assigned to the positional parameters. The ----xxxx and ----vvvv options are turned off. If there are no _a_r_gs, the positional parameters remain unchanged. The flags are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using + rather than - causes these flags to be turned off. The flags can also be specified as options to an invocation of the shell. The current set of flags may be found in $$$$----. After the option arguments are processed, the remaining _n _a_r_gs are treated as values for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to $$$$1111, $$$$2222, ............ $$$$_n. If no options or _a_r_gs are supplied, all shell variables are printed. The return status is always true unless an illegal option is encountered. sssshhhhiiiifffftttt [_n] The positional parameters from _n+1 ... are renamed to $$$$1111 ................ Parameters represented by the numbers $$$$#### down to $$$$####-_n+1 are unset. If _n is 0, no parameters are changed. If _n is not given, it is assumed to be 1. _n Page 13 (printed 7/7/95) BBBBAAAASSSSHHHH____BBBBUUUUIIIILLLLTTTTIIIINNNNSSSS((((1111)))) GGGGNNNNUUUU ((((1111999999993333 SSSSeeeepppptttteeeemmmmbbbbeeeerrrr 11116666)))) BBBBAAAASSSSHHHH____BBBBUUUUIIIILLLLTTTTIIIINNNNSSSS((((1111)))) must be a non-negative number less than or equal to $$$$####. If _n is greater than $$$$####, the positional parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than 0 if _n is greater than $$$$#### or less than 0; otherwise 0. ssssuuuussssppppeeeennnndddd [----ffff] Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SSSSIIIIGGGGCCCCOOOONNNNTTTT signal. The ----ffff option says not to complain if this is a login shell; just suspend anyway. The return status is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and ----ffff is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled. tttteeeesssstttt _e_x_p_r [[[[ _e_x_p_r ]]]] Return a status of 0 (true) or 1 (false) depending on the evaluation of the conditional expression _e_x_p_r. Expressions may be unary or binary. Unary expressions are often used to examine the status of a file. There are string operators and numeric comparison operators as well. Each operator and operand must be a separate argument. If _f_i_l_e is of the form /dev/fd/_n, then file descriptor _n is checked. ----bbbb _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is block special. ----cccc _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is character special. ----dddd _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is a directory. ----eeee _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists. ----ffff _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is a regular file. ----gggg _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is set-group-id. ----kkkk _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e has its ``sticky'' bit set. ----LLLL _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is a symbolic link. ----pppp _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is a named pipe. ----rrrr _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is readable. ----ssss _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and has a size greater than zero. ----SSSS _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is a socket. ----tttt _f_d True if _f_d is opened on a terminal. ----uuuu _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and its set-user-id bit is set. Page 14 (printed 7/7/95) BBBBAAAASSSSHHHH____BBBBUUUUIIIILLLLTTTTIIIINNNNSSSS((((1111)))) GGGGNNNNUUUU ((((1111999999993333 SSSSeeeepppptttteeeemmmmbbbbeeeerrrr 11116666)))) BBBBAAAASSSSHHHH____BBBBUUUUIIIILLLLTTTTIIIINNNNSSSS((((1111)))) ----wwww _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is writable. ----xxxx _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is executable. ----OOOO _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is owned by the effective user id. ----GGGG _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is owned by the effective group id. _f_i_l_e_1 -nnnntttt _f_i_l_e_2 True if _f_i_l_e_1 is newer (according to modification date) than _f_i_l_e_2. _f_i_l_e_1 -ooootttt _f_i_l_e_2 True if _f_i_l_e_1 is older than file2. _f_i_l_e_1 ----eeeeffff _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e_1 and _f_i_l_e_2 have the same device and inode numbers. ----zzzz _s_t_r_i_n_g True if the length of _s_t_r_i_n_g is zero. ----nnnn _s_t_r_i_n_g _s_t_r_i_n_g True if the length of _s_t_r_i_n_g is non-zero. _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 ==== _s_t_r_i_n_g_2 True if the strings are equal. _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 !!!!==== _s_t_r_i_n_g_2 True if the strings are not equal. !!!! _e_x_p_r True if _e_x_p_r is false. _e_x_p_r_1 -aaaa _e_x_p_r_2 True if both _e_x_p_r_1 AND _e_x_p_r_2 are true. _e_x_p_r_1 -oooo _e_x_p_r_2 True if either _e_x_p_r_1 OR _e_x_p_r_2 is true. _a_r_g_1 OOOOPPPP _a_r_g_2 OOOOPPPP is one of ----eeeeqqqq, ----nnnneeee, ----lllltttt, ----lllleeee, ----ggggtttt, or ----ggggeeee. These arithmetic binary operators return true if _a_r_g_1 is equal, not-equal, less-than, less-than- or-equal, greater-than, or greater-than-or-equal than _a_r_g_2, respectively. _A_r_g_1 and _a_r_g_2 may be positive integers, negative integers, or the special expression ----llll _s_t_r_i_n_g, which evaluates to the length of _s_t_r_i_n_g. ttttiiiimmmmeeeessss Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0. ttttrrrraaaapppp [----llll] [_a_r_g] [_s_i_g_s_p_e_c] The command _a_r_g is to be read and executed when the shell receives signal(s) _s_i_g_s_p_e_c. If _a_r_g is absent or ----, all specified signals are reset to their original Page 15 (printed 7/7/95) BBBBAAAASSSSHHHH____BBBBUUUUIIIILLLLTTTTIIIINNNNSSSS((((1111)))) GGGGNNNNUUUU ((((1111999999993333 SSSSeeeepppptttteeeemmmmbbbbeeeerrrr 11116666)))) BBBBAAAASSSSHHHH____BBBBUUUUIIIILLLLTTTTIIIINNNNSSSS((((1111)))) values (the values they had upon entrance to the shell). If _a_r_g is the null string this signal is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes. _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a signal name defined in <_s_i_g_n_a_l._h>, or a signal number. If _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EEEEXXXXIIIITTTT (0) the command _a_r_g is executed on exit from the shell. With no arguments, ttttrrrraaaapppp prints the list of commands associated with each signal number. The ----llll option causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their corresponding numbers. An argument of -------- disables option checking for the rest of the arguments. Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset. Trapped signals are reset to their original values in a child process when it is created. The return status is false if either the trap name or number is invalid; otherwise ttttrrrraaaapppp returns true. ttttyyyyppppeeee [----aaaallllllll] [----ttttyyyyppppeeee | ----ppppaaaatttthhhh] _n_a_m_e [_n_a_m_e ...] With no options, indicate how each _n_a_m_e would be interpreted if used as a command name. If the ----ttttyyyyppppeeee flag is used, ttttyyyyppppeeee prints a phrase which is one of _a_l_i_a_s, _k_e_y_w_o_r_d, _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n, _b_u_i_l_t_i_n, or _f_i_l_e if _n_a_m_e is an alias, shell reserved word, function, builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the name is not found, then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is returned. If the ----ppppaaaatttthhhh flag is used, ttttyyyyppppeeee either returns the name of the disk file that would be executed if _n_a_m_e were specified as a command name, or nothing if ----ttttyyyyppppeeee would not return _f_i_l_e. If a command is hashed, ----ppppaaaatttthhhh prints the hashed value, not necessarily the file that appears first in PPPPAAAATTTTHHHH. If the ----aaaallllllll flag is used, ttttyyyyppppeeee prints all of the places that contain an executable named _n_a_m_e. This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the ----ppppaaaatttthhhh flag is not also used. The table of hashed commands is not consulted when using ----aaaallllllll. ttttyyyyppppeeee accepts ----aaaa, ----tttt, and ----pppp in place of ----aaaallllllll, ----ttttyyyyppppeeee, and ----ppppaaaatttthhhh, respectively. An argument of -------- disables option checking for the rest of the arguments. ttttyyyyppppeeee returns true if any of the arguments are found, false if none are found. uuuulllliiiimmmmiiiitttt [----SSSSHHHHaaaaccccddddffffmmmmssssttttppppnnnnuuuuvvvv [_l_i_m_i_t]] UUUUlllliiiimmmmiiiitttt provides control over the resources available to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control. The value of _l_i_m_i_t can be a number in the unit specified for the resource, or the value uuuunnnnlllliiiimmmmiiiitttteeeedddd. The HHHH and SSSS options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up to the value of the hard limit. If neither HHHH nor SSSS is specified, the command applies to the soft limit. If _l_i_m_i_t is omitted, the Page 16 (printed 7/7/95) BBBBAAAASSSSHHHH____BBBBUUUUIIIILLLLTTTTIIIINNNNSSSS((((1111)))) GGGGNNNNUUUU ((((1111999999993333 SSSSeeeepppptttteeeemmmmbbbbeeeerrrr 11116666)))) BBBBAAAASSSSHHHH____BBBBUUUUIIIILLLLTTTTIIIINNNNSSSS((((1111)))) current value of the soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the HHHH option is given. When more than one resource is specified, the limit name and unit is printed before the value. Other options are interpreted as follows: ----aaaa all current limits are reported ----cccc the maximum size of core files created ----dddd the maximum size of a process's data segment ----ffff the maximum size of files created by the shell ----mmmm the maximum resident set size ----ssss the maximum stack size ----tttt the maximum amount of cpu time in seconds ----pppp the pipe size in 512-byte blocks (this may not be set) ----nnnn the maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems do not allow this value to be set, only displayed) ----uuuu the maximum number of processes available to a single user ----vvvv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the shell An argument of -------- disables option checking for the rest of the arguments. If _l_i_m_i_t is given, it is the new value of the specified resource (the ----aaaa option is display only). If no option is given, then ----ffff is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for ----tttt, which is in seconds, ----pppp, which is in units of 512-byte blocks, and ----nnnn and ----uuuu, which are unscaled values. The return status is 0 unless an illegal option is encountered, a non-numeric argument other than uuuunnnnlllliiiimmmmiiiitttteeeedddd is supplied as _l_i_m_i_t, or an error occurs while setting a new limit. uuuummmmaaaasssskkkk [----SSSS] [_m_o_d_e] The user file-creation mask is set to _m_o_d_e. If _m_o_d_e begins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by _c_h_m_o_d(1). If _m_o_d_e is omitted, or if the ----SSSS option is supplied, the current value of the mask is printed. The ----SSSS option causes the mask to be printed in symbolic form; the default output is an octal number. An argument of -------- disables option checking for the rest of the arguments. The return status is 0 if the mode was successfully changed or if no _m_o_d_e argument was supplied, and false otherwise. uuuunnnnaaaalllliiiiaaaassss [-aaaa] [_n_a_m_e ...] Remove _n_a_m_es from the list of defined aliases. If ----aaaa is supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value is true unless a supplied _n_a_m_e is not a defined alias. Page 17 (printed 7/7/95) BBBBAAAASSSSHHHH____BBBBUUUUIIIILLLLTTTTIIIINNNNSSSS((((1111)))) GGGGNNNNUUUU ((((1111999999993333 SSSSeeeepppptttteeeemmmmbbbbeeeerrrr 11116666)))) BBBBAAAASSSSHHHH____BBBBUUUUIIIILLLLTTTTIIIINNNNSSSS((((1111)))) uuuunnnnsssseeeetttt [-ffffvvvv] [_n_a_m_e ...] For each _n_a_m_e, remove the corresponding variable or, given the ----ffff option, function. An argument of -------- disables option checking for the rest of the arguments. Note that PPPPAAAATTTTHHHH, IIIIFFFFSSSS, PPPPPPPPIIIIDDDD, PPPPSSSS1111, PPPPSSSS2222, UUUUIIIIDDDD, and EEEEUUUUIIIIDDDD cannot be unset. If any of RRRRAAAANNNNDDDDOOOOMMMM, SSSSEEEECCCCOOOONNNNDDDDSSSS, LLLLIIIINNNNEEEENNNNOOOO, or HHHHIIIISSSSTTTTCCCCMMMMDDDD are unset, they lose their special properties, even if they are subsequently reset. The exit status is true unless a _n_a_m_e does not exist or is non- unsettable. wwwwaaaaiiiitttt [_n] Wait for the specified process and return its termination status. _n may be a process ID or a job specification; if a job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are waited for. If _n is not given, all currently active child processes are waited for, and the return status is zero. If _n specifies a non- existant process or job, the return status is 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the last process or job waited for. SSSSEEEEEEEE AAAALLLLSSSSOOOO bash(1), sh(1) Page 18 (printed 7/7/95)